USA Biology Olympiad (USABO) Practice Exam

What cell type is primarily responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins?

1. Epithelial cells

2. Neurons

3. Fibroblasts

4. Macrophages

The correct answer is: Fibroblasts

The cell type primarily responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins is fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are a type of connective tissue cell that plays a crucial role in wound healing and the maintenance of the extracellular matrix. They not only produce collagen and other fibers but also synthesize various signaling molecules, including prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds derived from membrane phospholipids via the action of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. These molecules are important mediators in inflammation, pain, and various physiological processes. While other cell types can produce prostaglandins as well, fibroblasts are particularly significant in connective tissues and in response to injury. They help modulate the inflammatory response by releasing these signaling molecules, which can influence blood flow, pain sensation, and the function of immune cells during the healing process.