USA Biology Olympiad (USABO) Practice Exam

Which of the following features is an adaptation of plants in temperate climatic zones?

1. Thick bark

2. Evergreen leaves

3. Dormant buds

4. Deep roots

The correct answer is: Dormant buds

Dormant buds are an adaptation that allows plants in temperate climatic zones to survive the harsh winters. In these regions, temperatures can drop significantly, and many plants face the risk of frost damage. By having dormant buds, plants can effectively enter a state of dormancy during the cold months, reducing their metabolic activity and conserving energy. This adaptation enables them to withstand freezing temperatures and resume growth when conditions improve in the spring. While thick bark, evergreen leaves, and deep roots can be beneficial adaptations for various environmental stresses, they do not specifically address the challenges faced by plants during temperate winters. Thick bark provides protection against fire and physical damage, evergreen leaves can help retain photosynthesis throughout the winter, and deep roots are advantageous for accessing water and nutrients. However, the primary adaptation that directly relates to surviving the seasonal changes in temperate climates is the presence of dormant buds, allowing plants to effectively manage their growth and resource allocation in response to the seasonal cycle.